Stomach and intestines have their iris positions in the first major zone, directly around the pupil. In contrast to the other organs they are concentrically arranged, and take in a third of the iris.

When looking at an iris, attention is first directed to the stomach and intestinal zones. In health the stomach and intestinal zones are of equal size. They take in a third of the iris and do not differ in essential colour and structure from each other. This normal form of the first major zone is very seldom found in these days.

Disturbances of the intestines are recognised in the course and colour of the iris-wreath.

1. Dilatations of the iris-wreath are often seen. If roundish, they suggest an intestinal atony, and these usually stem from incompletely cleared catarrhs of childhood. Dark spots in the dilatations are indications that the intestinal glands are no longer functioning. Patients with these signs had many colicky pains as children, with a history of always wanting to drink cold water ( = intestinal scrofula).

If the signs are more honeycomb-like, then one speaks of’ ‘wormnests’. That is to say, that the patients have suffered from worms. If worms are suspected, then other signs are searched for: undue activity of the pupils, dark rings under the eyes, signs of worms on the tongue, in the nose, and itching of the anus, etc.

Pointed white spokes of the iris-wreath which take in the second large zone are signs of intestinal colic.

2. A white iris-wreath is an indication for inflammation of the intestines. This inflammation often extends over into the lymph channels, to the fifth minor zone (mucous membrane zone). One can then observe thick radiating white lines from the wreath to the fifth minor zone, in which white clouds or flakes also appear.

3. A contraction of the iris-wreath arises because of pressure from the outside, and can be caused by organ displacement (e.g. floating kidney, enlarged liver) or by a tumour. A downward depression of the wreath is a sign of ptosis of stomach or intestines.

4. An expansion of the large intestine field in the direction of the heart area (left iris 10′-15′, right iris 45′-50′) enables one to diagnose ‘Roemheld’.

5. Tumour and cancer signs.

6. All iris signs which originate from the pupil and traverse the iris-wreath indicate a participation of the central nervous system in the disturbed condition.

7. If in the left iris one finds an iris-wreath with a pointed serrated margin, a sign of weakness in the heart area, and an adrenal sign, then a vegetative dystony is indicated. The patient is full of inner disturbances, with troubles here and there, without it being possible to define a clinical condition.

8. A square-shaped wreath always indicates a grave and incurable condition. Pancreas signs are always then to be found.

9. The appendix area lies in the right iris—from 33′-35′, directly at the wreath. In inflammatory states there shows a white sign = acute condition, or a yellow sign = chronic condition. One often observes in this area signs of adhesions, which go out from the intestine and reach to the peritoneum. They arise after chronic inflammations, as well as after badly healed appendicectomies, and can produce considerable disturbance.

A black spike in the caecal area signifies that the caecum has become functionally incapable and shrivelled. Black or dark lines which go over or under in an arc, indicate displacement of the caecum. Very often it becomes adherent to the gall-bladder, peritoneum, ovary, Fallopian tube, etc.

10.Strong dilatations of the intestinal zone from 25′-30′ in the left iris and from 30-35′ in the right iris, enable one to recognise the tendency to hernia. The iris-wreath is broken through at the point where the rupture ensues. If pain also appears, then white clouds in this area will point to an inflammatory state.

Small lacunae inside the iris-wreath indicate a disturbance in the gastro-intestinal secretions, arising from atony of the stomach and intestine musculature.

11.Special attention should be directed to the S. Romanum (Sigmoid flexure) and to the rectum. In many cases, the area for rectum, left iris 32-34′, shows a white discharge-sign, as an indication of mucous membrane catarrh. Often, the iris fibres in this area separate from one another, and indicate a sign of commencing weakness ( = atonic constipation).

Signs for haemorrhoids are seen in this area in the form of small dark spots. Apart from this, one not infrequently observes a very dark brown neurasthenic ring, and indications of stasis in the liver area, as symptoms of a portal congestion. With haemorrhoids, one usually finds very wrinkled eyelids. Interrogation reveals that these patients must often rub their eyes because they feel as if there were sand in them. A later indication of haemorrhoids is the presence of 2 red fleck in the lower eyelid. The more this fleck lies temporalwards, then the more analwards lie the haemorrhoids. The more it lies nasalwards, then the higher they lie.

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General health

A logical question arises: how is it possible for all those nasty things to enter our bodies ? Where do they come from? It is certainly not our intention to ingest any of them in any concentration whatsoever.

Common products which could have propyl alcohol in them include cosmetics, perfumes, deodorants, shampoo, hair spray, mouthwash, body lotions, vegetable oils, antiseptics, shaving creams and rubbing alcohol. Propyl alcohol is also listed on the product labels as propanol or isopropanol. Any compound having a “prop” sequence in their name should raise your suspicion.

Benzene is so deadly, that it should be totally absent from our environment. Yet, traces of it can be found in many products ranging from bottled water to toothpaste and chewing gum. Benzene is not added intentionally in any food product. However, it is used in the process of extracting food additives, flavours and as a cleaning agent. Most products containing added flavours or extracts potentially contain traces of benzene. A typical example is a mint extract from mint leaves which is used in toothpaste, chewing gum and confectionery. Any product containing any food extracts and/or flavours potentially contains traces of benzene. Simple logic tells us that we should avoid such foods. Benzene is also added to unleaded petrol (gasoline).

Xylene, toluene and other solvents are used in paints, cleaning agents, petrol (gasoline), colour pen markers and other consumer products. Of course, you do not eat such products, but you can breathe the solvents into your lungs. It is quite logical, that you should avoid inhaling any solvents.

For further examples, go to the library and inspect Chemical Dictionary. Look up the solvents listed above and read in what quantities they are manufactured and how they are used in the food industry. Prepare yourself for a shock.

Mercury is one of the most toxic metals to our body. It directly affects most of the functions of the brain. Yet, it has been used for decades in the form of dental amalgam fillings.

As the mercury is slowly released from the amalgam – such fillings act basically like toxic time bombs. See the References for more details.

Fluoride is very toxic and for years has been used as a rat poison. Yet, most of the municipal water in the USA, Australia and many other countries is poisoned with it. The only large city in Australia having fluoride-free water is Brisbane, and interestingly enough, children in Brisbane have the healthiest teeth in the country.

It is little known, that in 1990-91 forty US dentists sued the American Dentist Association for misinforming the public and the dental profession about the effects and extent of amalgam and fluoride poisoning (NEXUS Vol 2 No 2 February 1991).

From just the few examples listed above, it becomes quite clear that it may be quite difficult, if not impossible, to avoid toxins completely.

However, it is quite possible for us to take precautions and to change our lifestyle to:

• minimise the intake of poisons

• assist our body in its natural purification processes

In the following chapters I will show you how you can do this.

*15/96/8*

General health

Stomach and intestines have their iris positions in the first major zone, directly around the pupil. In contrast to the other organs they are concentrically arranged, and take in a third of the iris.

When looking at an iris, attention is first directed to the stomach and intestinal zones. In health the stomach and intestinal zones are of equal size. They take in a third of the iris and do not differ in essential colour and structure from each other. This normal form of the first major zone is very seldom found in these days.

A. Stomach zone:

1. Hyperacidity: The stomach zone is lighter than its surroundings, almost white and elevated. The patient complains of heartburn. If the stomach zone is circular and with a sharply marked outer circumference, then there is swelling and cramp of the stomach. Such patients have a constant sense of pressure in the stomach with cramp, associated with eructations.

2. Gastric insufficiency: The stomach zone becomes dark grey and sinks inwardly. There may appear black lines deeply furrowed in the stomach area, in which case there will be functional deficiency of the mucous membrane. These patients also complain of heartburn, which is in this case a false indication of acidity (= lactic acid). If with these signs the stomach zone is too small, then that is a sign of induration/sclerosis.

3. Inflammation of the mucous membranes = Gastritis: In this condition one finds small white flakes lying directly against the pupillary margin, especially when viewed with side floodlighting.

4. Inflammation of the stomach muscle layer: This is of a rheumatic nature, and shows small white flakes or clouds in the outer rim of the stomach zone (therefore on the boundary with the intestinal zone). Patients with these signs cannot tolerate cold food or drink—they have the feeling of ‘a cold lump in the stomach’.

5. Gastric ulcer: (Ulcus ventriculi et duodeni). The ulcer shows itself in the stomach zone as a black point, and is most frequently found in the posterior wall of the stomach (right iris about 20′, left iris about 40′), and in the pylorus. In the pyloric area the signs are more oblong than round, and usually extend over into the intestinal zone (ulcus duodeni). An open ulcer is a black point or line which is accompanied by a small white cloud (black point or line loss of substance, white cloud -= tissue inflammation, therefore the pain). When the ulcer has healed, the black spot becomes surrounded by a fine white closed ring (healing ring).

6. Gastric carcinoma: Cancer signs are small putty-like steel-grey signs which shine out from the depths of the iris. The iris appears putty-like and ‘smudged’. Not infrequently a stomach cancer develops, especially a scirrhous cancer, from the so-called Ulcus callosum. This is shown in the iris in the form of several serrated black spots which overlap each other. The iris is then seen to be flattened in the outer rim.

7. ‘Nervous, stomach: A red-brown stomach zone points to a toxic poisoning of the gastric nerves ( = the so-called ‘nervous’ stomach). In most cases this colour change also extends over to the intestinal zone. Often also, radiations extend over the brain areas—an indication that any headaches have their origin in the stomach.

8. Dropped-stomach = Gastroptosis: When through over-contraction of the pylorus the muscle layer of the stomach weakens (= dilatation of the stomach), or when through general slackening of the abdominal muscles there arises a ptosis of the stomach, then this condition will be recognised in the iris by an expansion of the stomach zone—from 30′-45′ in the right iris, and from 15-30′ in the left iris. If the stomach zone areas—right iris 45′-60′, left iris 60′-15′—are enlarged, then that is a sign of gastric enlargement/dilatation. The reason for this is the accumulation of gas in the stomach.

One also finds patients with an enlarged stomach zone—from 15′-30′ in the right iris, or from 30′-45′ in the left iris. Here it is the posterior wall of the stomach which is relaxed and which gives rise to the ptosis.

*15/78/2*

General health

Key to maintaining good health, nutrition refers to the relationship between the food we eat and our bodies’ needs. While there are hard and fast rules about the things our bodies require to operate efficiently, confusion often arises from the fact that nutritional needs vary from person to person as a result of physiological and environmental differences. Commercial interests may also exploit our desire for good health and seek to mislead us with exaggerated or even false claims about goodness or dangers of certain foods. A thorough understanding of the essential food groups and their sources, your daily requirements and the pressures of your environment and lifestyle will help you on the road to good nutrition. It is also recommended that any symptoms of dietary deficiency, which can range from marks on the fingernail to lethargy and more serious illnesses, be considered from a nutritional perspective. Your natural health practitioner will be able to help you identify and rectify problems with your diet.

Our basic nutritional requirements divide into five categories: water, carbohydrates, proteins, fats or lipids, vitamins and minerals.

Water makes up about 70% of our body mass. While it is often said that water has no nutritional value, it is essential for cell function, nutrient absorption, temperature control and waste elimination. Most people will die within days if water is withheld.

Starches and sugars are known as carbohydrates. Both are broken down into simple sugars called monosaccharides and stored in the muscles and liver. Providing our most immediate source of energy and assisting with the body’s uptake of nutrients, carbohydrates should comprise about 60% of a normally active person’s diet. Starches are complex carbohydrates and are found in grain foods such as breads and rice, pasta, peas and potatoes. Bulky and often high in fibre, vitamins and minerals, complex carbohydrates are the better source of carbohydrate in the diet. Sugars, particularly refined sugars, have less nutrient value and, because they contain less bulk than starches, are easily overconsumed, resulting in obesity. They are also a major cause of tooth decay. Refined white flour may contain similar levels of carbohydrate to wholemeal flour, but it is low in fibre and therefore of less benefit to your general health.

Proteins are responsible for growth and development and for the repair of body tissue. Made of amino acids, they also form the enzymes and hormones which regulate the body’s chemistry and function. You will obtain protein from meat, fish, eggs, dairy products such as milk, yoghurt and cheese, nuts and beans such as soya beans, lentils and haricots. The amount of protein required by the body is a matter of some controversy. Generally, it is thought that 40-60 grams a day is sufficient. Excess protein can be converted and stored as fat.

It may sound like a dirty word, but fat is an essential element of any healthy diet. Also known as lipids, fats allow you to absorb the fat soluble vitamins such as A, D, E, and K. Fat provides protection for the abdominal organs and nerve fibres, conditions the hair and skin and helps to keep the body warm. The issue, of course, is what kind of fat you eat and how much. Excess fat or too much of what are known as saturated fats, as opposed to polyunsaturated fats, contain high levels of cholesterol, leading to gallstones, obesity, blocking of the arteries, heart attack and stroke. Saturated fats generally come from animal products such as meat, eggs and dairy foods but beware: palm and coconut oils are also high in saturates. Polyunsaturated fats are mostly derived from vegetable sources like maize, sunflower, sesame and rape seed, and oily fish such as tuna, salmon or trout. Olive oil and some fish oils are known as mono-unsaturated and are better for your health than animal fats.

Under increasing scrutiny is the process of hydrogenation, a food industry technique which saturates polyunsaturated oils with hydrogen usually in the presence of a metal catalyst such as nickel. Normally liquid, the unsaturated oils become solid when hydrogenised: for example, sunflower oil becomes margarine. The process creates non-natural fat substances which are now thought to act like saturated fats, depositing fatty substances on the organs and making the blood cells sticky. Don’t be fooled by clever marketing. Keep your intake of hydrogenised fats to a minimum.

Although required in tiny quantities, vitamins and minerals are essential for food absorption and body function and deficiencies will affect a person’s health. (For information on specific vitamins and minerals, see individual entries). There are 13 major vitamins, only two of which are produced by the body: Vitamin D is made by the action of sunlight on the skin and Vitamin K is a byproduct of the activity of bacteria in the large bowel. All other vitamins must be ingested and, fortunately, most are readily available in fresh food. Supplementation in the form of tablets is rarely necessary. Remember, however, that the recommended daily allowance (RDA) for each vitamin and mineral is calculated as the minimum requirement for health in ideal conditions. Such conditions rarely exist.

The following is a list of just some of the factors, physiological, environmental and behavioural, which can affect your daily requirements: alcohol, caffiene, smoking, allergies, oral contraceptives, reliance on convenience foods, pollution, pregnancy and lactation, stress, antibiotics and other medication, certain medical conditions, menopause and old age. For these reasons, among others, your medical practitioner may recommend you adjust your diet or supplement your vitamin intake with tablets or tonics from time to time.

Fibre is the next important consideration in your diet. It has no real nutritional value as it cannot be absorbed by the body. Instead it passes through our digestive system as roughage, pushing through waste products and keeping the digestive tract healthy. Both constipation and cancer of the bowel can be avoided with a high fibre diet. Most unrefined cereals and plant foods contain fibre. Eat plenty of unrefined grains and raw or lightly cooked fruit and vegetables. Those who suffer from irritable bowel complaints should choose a source of fibre which will not scour the bowel, such as oatbran.

While you may think you need a chemistry degree to eat well, good basic nutrition comes down to common sense. Make sure you eat at least four serves a day of breads, rice, pasta or potatoes and four serves of fresh fruit or vegetables, including green and yellow/orange vegetables. Eat three serves a day of meat, fish, poultry, nuts, beans, peas or lentils. Have one serve of milk, cheese or yoghurt and keep additional fats, oil and salt to a minimum. The fat and sodium you need should be available from other foods in a balanced diet.

Whenever possible, eat fruit and vegetables raw. If cooking, opt for a technique which preserves the nutritional value of food or uses minimal fat such as steaming, grilling, roasting, stir frying and stewing. Western style frying of foods should be avoided.

Finally, eat three meals a day, vary your diet regularly, keep tabs on your general health to pinpoint any deficiencies and try to eat when relaxed. Fifteen minutes of relaxation before eating will aid digestion and increase your absorption of nutrients.

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General health

Heart signs are seen in the second major zone: Blood and Muscle zone—locally at left iris:

10′-15′, right iris: 45′-50′—commencing directly at the iris-wreath.

With heart signs, as with the entire iris, a lightening of colour signifies over-activity

= inflammation, and darkening indicates underactivity = weakness.

With all cardiac conditions, more so than with other organ signs, one has to consider the entire iris, and in particular the blood zone, brain, liver, lung and kidney areas. In addition, the finger-nails, legs and lips should be examined, since these often give early indications.

Heart signs for individual conditions are:

1. Endocarditis (inflammation of the endocardium): shows small white flakes in the heart area, or short white lines, especially close to the iris-wreath in the blood zone.

2. Myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle): is recognised by the appearance of small white flakes or clouds in the muscle zone: in the middle of the heart area, or further outwards towards the skeletal zone. These signs are very often apparent during the course of, or following an infectious disease, and must then be regarded as very grave indications. These signs are also frequently to be found with so-called ‘rheumatic’ patients. With such people the whole iris is too white, and these patients complain of generalised rheumatic pains, e.g. in shoulder, neck, back muscles, etc.

With such patients one often observes merely a thick, white zigzag line in the heart area which shows a small white flake at its termination in the mucous membrane zone. In such cases it will be found that the patients suffer severely from changes in the weather, and complain of great uneasiness and anxiety from stormy weather.

3. Pericarditis (inflammation of the pericardium): the pericardium registers approximately at left iris: 15′-17′, showing clouds in the lower margin of the heart signs when there is pericarditis. Since pericardial disease very easily gives rise to adhesions, one should always give careful attention to the fine white adhesion-signs (transversals) in this area, as well as to the adjacent pleural area below.

4. Cardiac neuroses: are widely spread in these times of increased tensions, haste and anxiety. Since in many cases of neurotic disturbance no clinical evidence can be found, iris-diagnosis becomes an especially important help.

In the early stages, nervous disturbances of the heart are shown by a very fine white line which runs out over the heart area from the iris-wreath, roughly horizontally. The patients complain of disturbance and sudden palpitations (the heart beats ‘up into the throat’). If this white line takes on a more acutely zigzag form, then stronger disturbances are probable. Patients with such signs usually have enlarged ‘moons’ on the finger-nails.

If near these fine white lines contraction rings are observed (i.e. nerve rings), which interrupt at the heart area, then there is a risk of cardiac spasm, resulting in the appearance of praecordial anginal attacks.

If the nervous heart disturbances have existed for some time, then the fine white lines become darker, i.e. grey to black; usually there is only a dark line to be seen, known as ‘irritation line’. Patients with such signs have constant heart disturbance as a result of irritation, grief or fear. If the lines become somewhat wider apart and give rise to lacunae, then the patient will complain of an anxiety state. If these signs lie at about 10′-12′ (left iris) then according to Frau Flink there is a condition of heart oppression and dyspnoea; if they lie at 16′-17′ then agitation and excitement will give the patient the feeling as if the heart was being strangled. Patients with these signs have nail ‘moons’ which are too small, or are wholly or partly missing.

5. Cardiac myasthenia (heart muscle weakness): is shown by a darkening of the heart area, appearing as dark wisps, clouds, and closed or open weakness-signs. The iris fibres no longer run radially, but more or less in arc form. For so long as the dark signs are small (narrow) and the fibres only slightly separated, then the condition is one of simple debility of the heart muscle, but if not treated this becomes a heart muscle weakness. The weakness-sign itself is usually evidenced above or below (also above and below) by a light well-defined arc. Frau Flink interpreted a well-defined upper arc as a tendency to asthmatic symptoms, which arise on slight exertion. In the case of a lower arc, then according to Frau Flink the patient can eat only little.

When in addition to these signs the stomach and intestinal zones are coloured brown, then every excitement affects the stomach of such a patient.

The wider the separation of the fibres in the muscles zone of the heart area, the greater the tendency to cardiac dilatation. If the weakness-signs are closed, then according to Frau Flink, the condition should be regarded as one of cardiac dilatation and cardiac weakness. Such patients must always be treated as for a heart condition, especially with feverish infections—e.g. rheumatic and renal conditions. If the weakness sign is not closed, but is open as far as the iris margin, then the condition is one of hypertrophy (Frau Flink). If besides the weakness-sign in the heart area one finds an overgrowth of the nail-quick on the fingers, then the patient suffers cardiac anxiety and oppression. In children this is a sign of fearfulness.

As is well known, a heart muscle-weakness leads to stasis in the systemic and pulmonary circulation. With left cardiac insufficiency this gives rise to dyspnoea with cough and catarrh, whereas with right cardiac insufficiency there is liver and portal stasis, haemorrhoids and hydropericardium. Thus, with weakness-signs in the heart area, one always pays attention to the lung areas. Stasis here makes the lung fields appear dark, the patient complaining of cough and dyspnoea, especially at night. Cardiac asthma and pulmonary oedema are possible dangers.

In proportion to the extent of cardiac weakness, stasis signs may be found in the areas for liver and kidneys, together with a dark neurasthenic-ring, haemorrhoidal signs in the rectum area, and stasis signs in the extremity areas. These areas become dark and the iris fibres separate.

Small lacunae in the heart area are sometimes found even in small children, in which case the cause is attributable to the mother. If during pregnancy the mother suffered much irritation and worry then the child is liable to have a heart-area lacuna. Such children are very nervous, and remain affected throughout the whole of life.

6. Cardiac valve lesions: show in the iris as small black points in the heart area in the vicinity of the iris-wreath, lying in the upper part of this area. There may be one to three black points. The appearance of a fourth point is a presage of death. Struck wrote on this matter in

Iris-Korrespondenz as follows: a visible fourth heart point renders hopeless any measures to counter impending death. This iris indication is diagnostic of the last stages of struggling man.

Another sign in the heart area which is difficult to interpret is the black wedge-sign. It lies in the blood zone with its base to the iris-wreath and the apex pointing into the muscle zone. It indicates that the patient may suffer a sudden cardiac arrest.

If in the heart area one or more black points are observed in the blood zone (indicating valvular defects), or in the muscle zone (indicating callosities), then one must not neglect to make a thorough examination of the mouth-throat area. Dark points in this area will suggest that the heart damage is secondary to a focal infection arising in the teeth or tonsils (angina, diphtheria).

7. Coronary sclerosis: was earlier the privilege of elderly and aged persons. Today, however, it not infrequently affects persons between 30 and 50 years of age. In the iris it is recognised by the following signs: At 15′ the iris-wreath shows a thicker white margin, conjoined with the lower arc of a cardiac weakness sign, and extending with it to the muscle zone.

Sometimes a fine white line can be observed running obliquely from this white margin to the spleen area. This line is a sign of threatened cardiac infarct.

8. Roemheld syndrome: is shown in the iris as a strong dilatation of the colon (i.e. iris-wreath) in the direction of the heart area. This dilatation may lie above or below the heart area.

9. Coloured flecks in the heart area: Such colour or toxin flecks in the heart area are small light to brownish-red pigment flecks. These indicate that the patient suffers mentally, and such patients tend strongly to brooding (melancholy, true depression, religious delusions, etc.). These signs very often go together with abdominal disturbances —usually affecting persons of

Sepia-type (yellow glistening of the nose, dirty ring around the mouth, unable to get going in the mornings yet gay and lively in the evenings.)

*20/78/2*

General health

Disease signs of the pancreas are found in both irides, corresponding to the position of the gland in the body, in both left and right at 20′ and 40′. However, with extensive disturbance of the whole gland, signs even appear as well at 10′ and 50′ in the right iris.

As has already been noted in relation to stomach and intestinal diseases, there is a squaring of the first major zone, indicating an involvement of the total vegetative nervous system. It is then a question of a condition which is difficult to cure. The following is to be noted:

(a) The pancreas has its indications almost at the four corners of this ‘Sympathetic-quadrant’.

(b) This means that in the presence of the pancreas sign and the square shaped wreath, we have an incurable condition.

(c) Such corners are virtually the storm-centre in the iris in all disturbances of the digestive system.

(d) Pancreatic disturbances which relate to the glandular secretory functions of the organ show mainly in the right iris.

(e) The signs always commence at the iris-wreath and show:

i. As weakness signs with decrease in the size of the organ = trophic weakness.

ii. As lightening with inflammation = over-stimulation. With inflammatory conditions and the consequent increased blood supply and enlargement of the organ, there would be an inward depression of the iris-wreath. ,

iii. As darkening = signs of hypofunction, in the form of dark wisps, clouds or spots. In this case we usually find the tendency to a square-shaped wreath, and must regard the pancreatic insufficiency as a consequence of chronic gastrointestinal disturbances, especially where there are indications in the adjacent intestinal area. Often there will be found partly healed ulcerated conditions, which vary from scar-tissue to complete adhesions, particularly in the areas for pylorus, duodenum, gall duct and pancreatic duct, and which must be considered as cause for the pancreatic weakness.

With cancerous processes affecting the pancreas—usually the head of the gland, we find the dark jagged sign especially extending from 20′, 40′ right iris, but also appearing at 50′ right iris. Since the liver is always associated with cancerous changes as the principal organ of metabolic exchange and detoxication, we find a darkened, blurred liver area as well as a flattening of the iris rim in this same area.

It is important to make an exact examination of the pancreas area in the left iris at 20′. A weakness sign there, or a darkening of the area, indicates that there is a hereditary disposition to diabetes. If diabetes already exists, then the liver and kidney areas will show signs of encumbrance. Of course, the urine must then be examined for presence of sugar, and the patients interrogated for the presence of subjective symptoms of this illness.

As already mentioned in an earlier chapter, disease signs indicated in profile are always an expression of a grave condition. That goes especially for pancreatic disturbances, since this organ always shows its signs in profile.

*19/78/2*

General health